The Economics of Organic Agriculture: A Comparison with Conventional Agriculture in Terms of Costs, Returns, and Prices

Authors

  • Haifa Malik Ali Al-Luohaiby College Kirkuk,Northem Technical University Kirkuk,36001- Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71285/icpt.v3i2.70

Abstract

The agriculture sector has been undergoing rapid changes in the last few decades due to the environmental, economic and social problems. This has given rise to an increasing interest in the development of sustainable agricultural systems that can meet food security needs and maintain natural resources for future generations. Organic agriculture has become one of the most important modern agricultural systems based on the rational use of natural resources, the reduction of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the increase of soil fertility and biodiversity, which has resulted in a balance between the economic, environmental, and social aspects of agricultural development in this context. This way of farming is a part of contemporary agricultural policies in many countries around the world, thanks to its rising popularity due to consumer awareness for health and nutrition, as well as the growing demand for organic products in the international market.

Author Biography

Haifa Malik Ali Al-Luohaiby, College Kirkuk,Northem Technical University Kirkuk,36001- Iraq

College Kirkuk,Northem Technical University Kirkuk,36001- Iraq

References

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Published

2026-11-12

How to Cite

Al-Luohaiby, H. M. A. . (2026). The Economics of Organic Agriculture: A Comparison with Conventional Agriculture in Terms of Costs, Returns, and Prices. Innovative Construction and Petrochemical Technologies, 3(2), 478–495. https://doi.org/10.71285/icpt.v3i2.70