Remote Sensing and GIS Soil Moisture Index Evaluation for Iraqi Land Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71285/icpt.v3i1.20Ключевые слова:
GIS, SMI, Soil Type, Sustainability, IraqАннотация
Soil moisture is important for appraising land and water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid countries like Iraq where climate unpredictability and water shortages continue to threaten sustainability. This research evaluates the Soil Moisture Index (SMI) using remotely sensed surface soil moisture data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Iraq from 2016 to 2020 to improve sustainable land management. AMSR2/GCOM-W1 daily surface soil moisture content was processed and evaluated for a variety of observation sites around the nation with different climatic circumstances. The Soil Moisture Index (SMI) was created and confirmed 17 using a normalized min–max technique to classify soil moisture levels from Very Dry to Very Wet and consistent geographically and temporally. Results show significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity in SM dynamics, with Very Dry and Dry conditions dominating 2016 and 2018, indicating widespread SM stress and high drought susceptibility, while Moderate to Moist SMI classes indicate episodic hydrological recovery in 2020. However, the recurrence of drier and Very Dry conditions at many sites throughout this research reveals persistent soil moisture deficiencies throughout Iraq.
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